To-Ka-Con, A Sioux Chief: Hand-colored McKenney & Hall Folio-sized Lithograph
This is an original 19th century hand-colored folio-size McKenney and Hall engraving of a Native American entitled "To-Ka-Con, A Sioux Chief", drawn by J. T. Bowen after a painting by Charles Bird King from McKenney and Hall's "History of the Indian Tribes of North America", published in Philadelphia by Frederick W. Greenough in 1836. His name translates as "He Who Inflicts the First Wound".
Creator: McKenney & Hall
Creation Year: 1836
Dimensions: Height: 20 in (50.8 cm) Width: 14 in (35.56 cm)
Medium: Lithograph
Condition: See description below.
Reference #: 4618
This is an original 19th century hand-colored folio-size McKenney and Hall engraving of a Native American entitled "To-Ka-Con, A Sioux Chief", drawn by J. T. Bowen after a painting by Charles Bird King from McKenney and Hall's "History of the Indian Tribes of North America", published in Philadelphia by Frederick W. Greenough in 1836. His name translates as "He Who Inflicts the First Wound".
Creator: McKenney & Hall
Creation Year: 1836
Dimensions: Height: 20 in (50.8 cm) Width: 14 in (35.56 cm)
Medium: Lithograph
Condition: See description below.
Reference #: 4618
This is an original 19th century hand-colored folio-size McKenney and Hall engraving of a Native American entitled "To-Ka-Con, A Sioux Chief", drawn by J. T. Bowen after a painting by Charles Bird King from McKenney and Hall's "History of the Indian Tribes of North America", published in Philadelphia by Frederick W. Greenough in 1836. His name translates as "He Who Inflicts the First Wound".
Creator: McKenney & Hall
Creation Year: 1836
Dimensions: Height: 20 in (50.8 cm) Width: 14 in (35.56 cm)
Medium: Lithograph
Condition: See description below.
Reference #: 4618
This original McKenney and Hall large hand-colored folio-size engraving measures 20" x 14". There is one tiny spot in the left margin, but the print is otherwise in excellent condition. The original descriptive text page from the 1836 publication is included.
Col. Thomas J. McKenney was Superintendant of The Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1816 until 1830. He was one of a very few government officials to defend American Indian interests and attempt to preserve their culture. He travelled to Indian lands meeting the Native American leaders. He brought with him an accomplished artist, James Otto Lewis, who sketched those willing to participate. A large number of the most influential Indian chiefs and warriors were later invited to come to Washington in 1821 to meet President Monroe. McKenney commissioned the prominent portrait painter Charles Bird King, who had a studio in the capital, to paint these native American leaders, who chose the costumes they wished to wear for the sitting. The magnificent resultant paintings were displayed in the War Department until 1858, and were then moved to the Smithsonian Institute. When Andrew Jackson dismissed McKenney in 1830, he gave him permission to have the King portraits as well as some by other artists, including George Catlin and James Otto Lewis, copied and made into lithographs, in both folio and octavo sizes. McKenney partnered with James C. Hall, a Cincinnati judge and novelist to publish the lithographs and the text written by Hall. The work was extremely expensive to create and nearly bankrupted McKenney, as well as the two printing firms who invested in its publication. The resultant work gained importance when Catlin's paintings were destroyed in a warehouse fire and Charles Bird King's and James Otto Lewis’ portraits were destroyed in the great Smithsonian Museum fire of 1865. The McKenney and Hall portraits remain the most complete and colorful record of these pre-Civil War Native American leaders.
The folio and smaller octavo sized hand painted lithographs remain prized by collectors and institutions, many of which are held by major museums and collections, including the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian Institute.
